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Thursday, October 30, 2008

民主法治傳媒(五)

民主法治傳媒(五)

  續談傳媒與政治。所謂「成也蕭何,敗也蕭何」,媒體能發揮監督政府,促進民主的作用,但當媒體在不知不覺間參與了政治,從報道新聞變為製造新聞的角色,則媒體監察政府的功能也大大減弱了。

  這角色的轉變是很微妙的,新聞機構的專業應該是發掘事實真相。要做好這工作,錢和時間都得花上不少,與時下追求急促回報的營商哲學背道而馳。因此,對於前線記者的投資日趨減少,而媒體為了維持和增加讀者量,必須以別的更省錢的方法去吸引眼球。於是,精采的調查報道已不多見,取而代之的是聲情並茂的評論;此外,把新聞內容淺化和娛樂化,也是一個保持收視又不花錢的手段。

  因此,在民主黨初選時,克林頓和奧巴馬的隔空口角成了多日的頭條,希拉莉不變的套裝佔了不少版面,奧巴馬的非洲故鄉也成為焦點。在大選階段,麥凱因的年齡和病歷表、佩林的服裝開支費和水匠工的個人背景等等,都是最令人留下印象的新聞。概括來說,所謂的總統競選報道,以報道兩人的爭吵為主線,其次是走勢(類似賽馬貼士的誰佔上風/下風報道),再其次才是政見的深入比對或考核。在四場正副總統的辯論會後,媒體爭相公布勝負,彷彿球賽似的;至於辯論內容的真偽分析,則三言兩語便帶過了。

  按常理,選民是依據候選人的政見和資歷作出選擇,但由於媒體主導了民眾對候選人和選情的理解,那些與施政沒有直接相關的印象式和情緒化報道,左右了民眾對候選人看法。反映在民調裡,又間接影響了媒體的報道方向。民調低落的候選人會得到更多的負面報道,這就是所謂的跟紅頂白。

  至於充斥在各種媒體的評論,由於具有比新報道更大的影響力,早已成為黨派和政府的獵物。政治評論員黨派分明,各佔據地盤拚命的替自己的候選人造勢。政府也會透過手段影響評論員,通常是採用獨家送料來吸引個別評論員寫官方不便直接推出的信息,布殊政府便是其中的能手。

  總而言之,媒體日漸失去其獨立性和發掘新聞事實的能力,對民主政制及整個社會都是一個極壞的發展。  (全文完)

2 comments:

Sammy Cafe said...

Good series. Especially agree the part that today's media is hurting the judgement of voters. Unfortunately media is just writing the stuff that people like to read.

Anonymous said...

It is a known fact that media do have their opinions about politics. They do take side. They even do a recommendation list about
candidates/propositions.
As in movie "Citizen Kane",

Emily: Really Charles, people will think-...
Charles Foster Kane: - -what I tell them to think.

People in meida business thought that they are better than you do in intellegence. Just tune in sports cast. The talking heads knows every bit of the plyaers including breakfest choice they made; names of their household pets. The media people got this status because of the title Mr. Kronkite got (the most trusted man in U.S.) decades ago. The public got brainwashed and believe in very single bit the media said. Too bad. Don't follow too close.
You have every right to make your own choice/believe. Later on, you will find out that the emperor has no clothes.